window.__mirage2 = {petok:"uAtwiiQKDz3pej8tikjjXf8qtftBywxw48FuRjxp2JM-86400-0"}; "Issues and Trends in China's Demographic History." White Lotus Rebellion, Chinese anti-Manchu uprising that occurred during the Ch'ing dynasty. Though he passed through an area inhabited by almost a million peasants, his army never measured more than four thousand soldiers, many of whom had been forced into service. Qing Dynasty Inventions & Innovations - Totally History [6] The group forecast the advent of Maitreya, advocated restoration of the native Chinese Ming Dynasty, and promised personal salvation to its followers while promising the return of the Buddha.[7]. This book has since become an invaluable source in understanding the beliefs of these groups. View original page. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the 14th century under the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The White Lotus bands mainly used guerrilla tactics, and once they disbanded were virtually indistinguishable from the local population. The group later reemerged in the late 18th century in the form of an inspired Chinese movement. }, Page last modified: from Hubei and Shaanxi provs. . Administrators also seized and destroyed sectarian scriptures which were used by the religious groups. After more than 2,000 years, though, Chinese imperial power under the last Chinese dynasty was about to collapse for good. This humiliation showed all of China's subjects, neighbors, and tributaries that the once-mighty China was now weak and vulnerable. In the closing years of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, they organized resistance to the foreign overlords, and now they are doing so again, but against the reigning Ming Dynasty! Since then, this book has become an invaluable source because it has enabled scholars to understand the beliefs of these groups. The grew in number and power and eventually, into a serious concern for the government. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Rather, it consisted of uncoordinated roving bands using hit-and-run guerrilla tactics. The Qing commanders who were sent to repress the rebellion had a difficult time putting down the White Lotus. Eventually, the rebellion was crushed by the Qing elites; but the White Lotus organization remained secret and intact, and advocated for the overthrow of the Qing dynasty. It took nine years of warfare and great loss. The feared Manchu banners, since their conquests of the early 1700s, showed they were no longer a military force of much value, and the emperor had to recruit a new army made up of Chinese militia. Eventually, the Qing armies and the peasants united, but they were unable to defeat the foreign powers. The White Lotus War: Rebellion and Suppression in Late Imperial China It was an organized religion, which was once popular in Yuan Dynasty. White Lotus Rebellion, Chinese anti-Manchu uprising that occurred during the Ch'ing dynasty. By 1804 the area was again placed under imperial control by the local militia. The Red Turban Rebellion which took place in 1352, was led by the White Lotus group. White Lotus Rebellion | Infoplease - Fact Monster ", Dai, Yingcong. We are committed to providing our patients care in the same warm, caring, and professional manner we would extend to members of our own family. Only after 1800 did the Qing government adopt new tactics that established local militias (tuan) to help surround and destroy the White Lotus. In the late 18th century, in response to famine, crowded conditions, and harassment from petty government officials, White Lotus leaders in central China began a rebellion; they promised their followers that there would be the return of the Buddha and the end of suffering. During the Qing dynasty, inventions continued to emerge despite the turbulent uprisings and conflicts such as the White Lotus Rebellion, the First Opium War, and the Taiping Rebellion. White Lotus Rebellion, Chinese anti-Manchu uprising that occurred during the Ch'ing dynasty. Chien-lung At first the Ch'ing administration, under the control of Ho-shen, sent inadequate and inefficient imperial forces to suppress the ill-organized rebels. The White Lotus continued to be active, and it might have influenced the next major domestic rebellion, the Eight Trigrams Uprising of 1813. In 1794, one instance of a derivative sect of the White Lotus, the Eight Trigrams arose in the form of underground meditation teachings and practice in Shandong province, not far from Beijing (Zhili) near the city of Linqing. The nine-years long White Lotus war had devastated a large number of districts in Central China. READ: Economic and Material Causes of Revolt - Khan Academy When the White Lotus Rebellion (1796-1804) occurred, the dynasty was forced to turn to peasant soldiers to suppress the rebels in central and southern China, since the regular army lacked the necessary strength and morale. Save up to $6,685 on one of 9 used Lotus Evora 400s in Frisco, TX. It broke out (1796) among impoverished settlers in the mountainous region that separates Sichuan prov. 7 Population Milestones for 7 Billion People | Live Science When the Manchu tribes of Manchuria (now Northeast China) conquered China some 500 years later in the 17th century and proclaimed the Qing dynasty, the White Lotus Read More Yuan dynasty In China: Foreign religions from Hubei and Shaanxi provs. ." By that time, however, the regular government forces were too ridden with corruption to be of any use. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Approximately 7,000 Banner troops were sent in from Manchuria in combination with Green Standard Army soldiers from Guizhou and Yunnan as well as tens of thousands of local mercenaries.[6]. Wang Lun likely failed because he did not make any attempts to raise wide public support. The end of the White Lotus Rebellion in 1804 also brought an end to the myth of the military invincibility of the Manchus, contributing to the increasing frequency of rebellions in the 19th century. The Qianlong emperor ordered that the Eight Banner armies, whether they had Manchu or Han banners, were not to be used to suppress internal uprisings, so the Qing mainly relied on the Han Chinese Green Standard Army and Han militias in order to suppress rebellions such as the White Lotus. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. [1] A smaller precursor to the main rebellion broke out in 1774, under the leadership of the martial-arts and herbal-healing expert Wang Lun in Shandong province of northern China. A decree from the Emperor Daoguang admitted, "it was extortion by local officials that goaded the people into rebellion" Using the arrest of sectarian members as a threat, local officials and police extorted money from people. What brought about the collapse of this once-mighty empire, ushering in the modern era in China? The rebellion grew in number and power and eventually, into a serious concern for the government. Other White Lotus spinoffs include the Eight Trigrams, the Tiger Whips, and the Yihequan (Boxers). The History of White Lotus Rebellion - Tibetan Buddhist Encyclopedia Wang Lun likely failed because he did not make any attempts to raise wide public support. When the Manchu tribes of Manchuria (now Northeast China) conquered China some 500 years later in the 17th century and proclaimed the Qing dynasty, the White Lotus. . Imperial Mistakes Due to their brutality, the Qing troops were soon nicknamed the "Red Lotus" Society. The White Lotus Rebellion was initiated as an antitax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. Due to their brutality, the Qing troops were soon nicknamed the "Red Lotus" Society. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Tibet has been an independent country throughout the historical period and since time immemorial according to Tibetans' own myth-based sense of, Xinjiang (shnjyng) or Sinkiang (shnjyng, snkyng) [Chinese,=new frontier], officially Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Mandarin Xinjiang U, For more information on Chinese history and culture, seeVol. White Lotus Rebellion | Detailed Pedia ." The rebellion began in 1794, when large groups of rebels claiming White . The White Lotus Rebellion was initiated as an antitax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. Southern Shensi, with its great amounts of vacant land, attracted immigrants on a large scale after severe famines and crop failures had occurred in Hupeh and Szechwan provinces in the 1770s. Used Lotus Evora 400 for Sale in Frisco, TX | Edmunds Inventions In particular, the court marked itself off from its subjects in certain religious, linguistic, ritual, and social characteristics, always presenting themselves as outside conquerors. It is only as historical sources look back upon these events do they began to summarize the various aspects of these uprisings as the "White Lotus rebellion.". [1] A smaller precursor to the main rebellion broke out in 1774, under the leadership of the martial-arts and herbal-healing expert Wang Lun in Shandong province of northern China. //]]>. He did not distribute captured wealth or food supplies, nor did he promise to lessen the tax burden. - marked a turning point in the history of the Qing dynasty. Motivated by millenarian Buddhists who promised the immediate return of the Buddha, it erupted out of social and economic discontent in the impoverished provinces of Hubei, Shaanxi, and Sichuan . Sometimes whole provinces were subdued by them, and it looked as if their efforts were going to be successful, and Western China, if no other part, would remain theirs. The White Lotus bands mainly used guerrilla tactics, and once they disbanded, they were virtually indistinguishable from the local population. The White Lotus Rebellion was initiated as an antitax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. The White Lotus peasant rebellion broke out in 1795 (White Lotus was the name of a secret society that had first fought against the Mongols). "Civilians Go into Battle: Hired Militias in the White Lotus War, 1796-1805. This page was last updated at 2022-12-21 05:40 UTC. It took almost ten years and huge financial waste to defeat the badly equipped White Lotus Rebellion (1795-1804), partly by legitimizing militias led by local Hn Chinese elites. [10], The Qing commanders who were sent to repress the rebellion had a difficult time putting down the White Lotus. [6], The Qing commanders sent to repress the rebellion had a difficult time putting down the White Lotus. The rebellion was ended by the deaths of some 100,000 rebels. The leader, herbalist and martial artist Wang Lun, led an uprising that captured three small cities and laid siege to the larger city of Linqing, a strategic location on the north-south Grand Canal transportation route.

Todesursache Herbert Feuerstein, Weymouth Building Department, Mad Hatter Restaurant Nantucket, Is Ted Lasso Based On 'major League, Articles W