A century ago, it was a catch-all explanation for any change in the material record. [7] Typically the head and hooves of cattle, sheep, and horses are placed in shallow bowls over the human grave, smothered with ochre. The Yamnaya are thought to be the ancestors of the Indo-Europeans, who spoke Proto-Indo-European, the ancestor of all Indo-European languages. and Gobekli Tepe, by paganism I mean a grouped set of behaviors that I believe resemble the concept of paganism-type beliefs. Contemporary Western astrology is often associated with systems of, that purport to explain aspects of a persons, and predict significant events in their lives based on the positions of celestial objects; the majority of. Gods too are the myths of cultures that did not understand science or the world around them, seeing magic/supernatural everywhere. This implies that the leading clans of the Yamnaya were of EHG paternal origin. Typically for a Neolithic culture, the majority of their diet consisted of, , barley, and hemp, which were probably ground and baked as. Thanks to the sequencing of the genomes, we are better able to understand prehistoric Europe. The collaboration revealed that the origin and initial spread of Bell Beaker culture had little to do - at least genetically - with the expansion of the Yamnaya or Corded Ware people into central Europe. 67005650 BCE) site of atalhyk in Turkey, dates from four pottery sherds also matched the sites known chronology. ref, ref, The first evidence of domestication in the western Eurasia the productive revolution is dated around the 6th millennium BCE; sheep, goats, and cattle bones together with domesticated grains of wheat, barley, and millet, were found in several sites of the Bug-Dniester cultures. They are commonly, although not always, consideredcosmogonicalmyths that is, they describe the ordering of thecosmosfrom a state ofchaosor amorphousness.ref, Creation myths often share a number of features. So, I guess the question is to us all, to ask, how can power not carry responsibility in a humanity concept? Show six:Emergence of hierarchy, sexism, slavery, and the new male god dominance:Paganism 7,000-5,000 years old: related to Anarchism and Socialism (Capitalism) (World War 0) Elite and their slaves! Steppe semi-nomads associated with the Abashevo-Sintashta and later with the Srubnaya-Andronovo communities moved from Eastern Europe eastwards to the Altai and even to Xinjiang. Eliade and his colleague Charles Long developed a classification based on some commonmotifsthat reappear in stories the world over. The resulting picture is one that is far less problematic to the Steppe Hypothesis than has been previously suggested. A 2022 study concludes that Yamnaya ancestry can be modelled as a mixture of an as yet unsampled admixed EHG/CHG population with a second source from the south Caucasus, and rejects Khvalynsk Eneolithic as a source population for the Yamnaya cluster. This wasnt just a mass population replacement, but a longer-term series of cultural interactions and changes. Haplogroup R1b, especially subclades of R1b-M269, is the most commonY-DNAhaplogroup found among both the Yamnaya and modern-day Western Europeans. Around 2,600 years ago, Ajita Kesakambali, ancient Indian philosopher, who is the first known proponent of Indian materialism. By the end of the LGM, after 20,000 years ago, A Western European lineage, dubbedWest European Hunter-Gatherer(WHG) emerges from theSolutreanrefugiumduring theEuropean Mesolithic. The beginnings of the steppe belt cultures coincide with the Copper Age (5th millennium BCE) and the activation of the Carpatho-Balkan Metallurgical Province. White (light complexion skin) Bigotry and Sexism started 7,000 years ago? Some of the people buried in kurgans in Hungary, even those with typically steppe-style artifacts, have exactly zero genetic ancestry from the steppe. The concept of sky father may also be taken to includeSun godswith similar characteristics, such asRa. Cory Johnston Atheist Leftist@Skepticallefty& I (Damien Marie AtHope)@AthopeMarie(myYouTube& relatedblog) are working jointly in atheist, antitheist, antireligionist, antifascist, anarchist, socialist, and humanist endeavors in our videos together, generally, every other Saturday. No.Still nothing but lofty speculation riddled with assumptions. And do you think it always was the way you believe? They also hunted deer and wild game. Here, we report genome-wide data from 19Upper Paleolithic to Early Bronze Age individuals from this Siberian region. However, some samples associated with Ancient North Eurasians also carried ancestry from an ancient East Asian population, such asTianyuan Man. History of Drug Use with Religion or Sacred Rituals possibly 58,000 years ago? The Semitic rootlh(Arabicilh, AramaicAlh,Elh, Hebrewelah) may belwith a parasitic h, andlmay be an abbreviated form oflh. These migrants from the steppe filled the Hungarian Plain with earthen burial mounds called kurgans, permanent markers of their otherwise ephemeral presence. 2021, confirmed ANE-related geneflow among the Jmon people, partially ancestral to theAinu people. In the Early and Middle Bronze Age (4th3rd millennia BCE), advanced pastoral cultures emerged in the Circumpontic Metallurgical Province. In New Zealand this past New Year's Eve 2022-2023, a wealthy American hosted a private fireworks display for his family and guests on their country . The Khvalynsk culture (47003800 BCE or 6,721-5,821 years ago) (middle Volga) and the Don-based Repin culture (ca.39503300 BCE or 5,971-5,321 years ago) in the eastern Pontic-Caspian steppe, and the closely related Sredny Stog culture (c. 45003500 BCE or 6,521-5,521 years ago) in the western Pontic-Caspian steppe, preceded the Yamnaya culture (33002500 BCE or 5,321-4,521 years ago). ref, According to Anthony (2007), the Yamnaya culture (33002600BCE or 5,321-4,621 years ago) originated in the DonVolga area at ca. And in this sense, they go beyondetiological myths(which explain specific features in religious rites, natural phenomena, or cultural life). , which give life to human bodies come from nature and return to it after death. For example,James Matisoffproposes a split around 6000 years BP, with Chinese-speakers settling along the Yellow River and other groups migrating south down theYangtze,Mekong,SalweenandBrahmaputrarivers. ref, Recent research indicates a common origin of theSino-Tibetan languageswith theCishan, Yangshao and/or theMajiayao cultures. Names like "Yamanaya" and others are fabrications of modern archeology and have no bearing in physical reality. Atheists talk about gods and religions for the same reason doctors talk about cancer, they are looking for a cure, or a firefighter talks about fires because they burn people and they care to stop them. This series idea was addressed in,Anarchist Teaching as Free Public Education or Free Education in the Public:VIDEO, Our 12 video series:Organized Oppression:MesopotamianState Force and the Politics of power (9,000-4,000 years ago), is adaptedfrom:The Complete and Concise History of the Sumerians and Early Bronze Age Mesopotamia (7000-2000 BC):https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szFjxmY7jQAby History with Cy, Show #1: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Samarra, Halaf, Ubaid), Show #2: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power(Eridu: First City of Power), Show #3: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Uruk and the First Cities), Show #4: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (First Kings), Show #5: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Early Dynastic Period), Show #6: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power(King Lugalzagesi and the First Empire), Show #7: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Sargon and Akkadian Rule), Show #8: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Naram-Sin, Post-Akkadian Rule, and the Gutians), Show #9: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Gudea of Lagash and Utu-hegal), Show #10: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Third Dynasty of Ur / Neo-Sumerian Empire), Show #11: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Amorites, Elamites, and the End of an Era), Show #12: Mesopotamian State Force and the Politics of Power (Aftermath and Legacy of Sumer), The Atheist-Humanist-Leftist Revolutionaries. InGreek mythology, the Earth is personified asGaia, corresponding to RomanTerra, IndicPrithvi/Bhmi, etc. According to the Kurgan hypothesis, the Yamnaya and related cultures are the likely candidates for being the mythical Proto-Indo-Europeans. Knowledge without Belief? Thats mostly because it has the obvious benefit of being a pretty good explanation for how people with a specific kind of ancestry, which shows up earliest in one place, shows up later in others. If youd like to learn more about the Yamnaya and their migration, check out, Perspectives: Past, Present, and Future, by Patrick Wyman. This type was common in the religions of antiquity, such as theLaresofancient Roman religion, theGashinofKorean shamanism, andCofgodasofAnglo-Saxon paganism. Some Ancient North Eurasians also carried East Asian populations, such as Tianyuan Man.ref, Bronze-age-steppe Yamnaya and Afanasevo cultures were ANE at around 50% and Eastern Hunter-Gatherer (EHG) at around 75% ANE. It is furthermore worth noting that at the second-most basal stage, prior to the Tocharian split, the root *h2erh3 had already undergone the semantic shift to plow, implying that this practice was known to the deepest layers of core Indo-European. It is therefore extremely likely that the N1c1 subclade found in Europe today has its roots in the Chinese Neolithic. While the rest of their ancestry is derived from the Dzudzuana cave individual dated ~26 kya, which lacked ANE-admixture, Dzudzuana affinity in the Caucasus decreased with the arrival of ANE at ~13 kya Satsurblia.ref, Scandinavian Hunter-Gatherer(SHG) is represented by several individuals buried atMotala, Sweden ca. Historically, in large city-state societies (such as Egypt or Iraq) starting around 5,000 years ago culminated to make religion something kind of new, a sociocultural-governmental-religious monarchy, where all or at least many of the people of such large city-state societies seem familiar with and committed to the existence of religion as the integrated life identity package of control dynamics with a fixed closed magical doctrine, but this juggernaut integrated religion identity package of Dogmatic-Propaganda certainly did not exist or if developed to an extent it was highly limited in most smaller prehistoric societies as they seem to lack most of the strong control dynamics with a fixed closed magical doctrine (magical beliefs could be at times be added or removed). A main sky goddess is often the queen of the gods and may be an air/sky goddess in her own right, though she usually has other functions as well with sky not being her main. The term Yamnaya comes from the Russian expression Yamnaya Kultura which means 'pit culture'. Totemism: an approximately 50,000-year-old belief system? Ideas, Technology and People from Turkey, Europe, to China and Back again 9,000 to 5,000 years ago? These results are even earlier than in other parts of Europe, including Britain, Germany and Iberia. We still have a great many questions about the Yamnaya migration, but its one of the most intensively studied and clearest examples of long-distance population movement from any period of the human past. Rational thinkers must examine the facts instead of blindly following beliefs or faith. In a model in which the split between the European and Asian branches is assumed to be primary, we must admit at least *h2erh3 plow, *h2erh3ur/n (arable) field, *peis grind (grain), *sesh1io a cereal, *h2edo(s) a (parched?) As cultures, we identify ourselves through the collective dreams we call creation myths, or, A philosophical and theological elaboration of the primal myth of creation within a religious community. This scenario is associated with a proposed primary split betweenSiniticin the east and theTibeto-Burman languages, often assigned to theMajiayao culture(53004000 years BP) in the upper reaches of the Yellow River on the northeast edge of theTibetan plateau. Again just to clarify when I refer to seeming paganism thinking or behaviors (emphasize reverence for nature, polytheistic and animistic, totemistic, and shamanist religious practices). Inannas knot, Isis knot, and maybe Maats feather? Over many centuries, these dialects transformed into the known ancient Indo-European languages. It was a little over a decade ago that the evolutionary biologist Eske Willerslev successfully applied innovative DNA analysis and decoding technology to unlock genetic secrets from the past. The Yamnaya migration is one of the most straightforward examples we find in the distant human past. An Upper Paleolithic genome shows a direct link with the First Americans by sharing the admixed ancestry that gave rise to all non-Arctic Native Americans. Animism: an approximately 100,000-year-old belief system? They have also later arisen in several branches of Uralic. ref, Uralo-Siberian is a hypothetical language family of Uralic, Yukaghir, EskimoAleut and besides linguistic evidence, several genetic studies, support a common origin in Northeast Asia. ref, Altaic(also calledTranseurasian) is aproposedlanguage familythat would include theTurkic,Mongolic,andTungusic language familiesand possibly also theJaponicandKoreanic languages. Our findings furthermore support a Yamnaya-related origin for the now extinct Tocharian languages in the Tarim Basin, in southern Xinjiang. ref, Diet and subsistence in Bronze Age pastoral communities from the southern Russian steppes and the North Caucasus, The slightly rolling to flat steppe landscape north of the Caucasus mountain chain includes vast areas without natural boundaries. animist, totemist, shamanist & paganist, *Believe in spirit-filled life and/or afterlife (you are a hidden animist), *Believe in spirit-filled life and/or afterlife can be attached to or be expressed in things or objects (you are a hidden totemist), *Believe in spirit-filled life and/or afterlife can be attached to or be expressed in things or objects and these objects can be used by special persons or in special rituals can connect to spirit-filled life and/or afterlife (you are a hidden shamanist), *Believe in spirit-filled life and/or afterlife can be attached to or be expressed in things or objects and these objects can be used by special persons or in special rituals can connect to spirit-filled life and/or afterlife who are guided/supported by a goddess/god or goddesses/gods (you are a hidden paganist). Emergence myths in which progenitors pass through a series of worlds and metamorphoses until reaching the present world. Material culture - what archaeologists pull out of the ground - isnt the most straightforward guide to understanding how people in the distant past migrated. In Philippineanimism,DiwataorLambanaare deities or spirits that inhabit sacred places like mountains and mounds and serve as guardians. Five Yamnaya, two later-era, and possibly two earlier-era individuals qualify as "highly probable riders." "The rather high prevalence of these traits in the skeleton record, especially with respect to the overall limited completeness, show that these people were horse riding regularly," Trautmann says. By about 5040 ka a basal West Eurasian lineage had emerged, as had a separateEast Asianlineage. The words we reach for, fromGodtogravity, are inadequate to the task. An Upper Paleolithic genome shows a direct link with the First Americans by sharing the admixed ancestry that gave rise to all non-Arctic Native Americans. This was a world of mobile herders who took their cattle and sheep from place to place, using horses to do so. The depiction of some goddesses such as theMagna Mater(Great Mother, orCybele) as tower-crowned represents their capacity to preserve the city. Prehistory: related to Anarchism and Socialism the division of labor, power, rights, and recourses. Architecture of the Floating (Or Sinking) City: How Was Venice Built? Second, is the frame and walls: Supernaturalism and Sacralizism/Spiritualism. Animal protector deities from old totems/spirit animal beliefs come first to me, 13,000/12,000 years ago, then women as deities 11,000/10,000 years ago, then male gods around 7,000/8,000 years ago. Its name derives from its characteristic burial tradition: (romanization: yamnaya) is a Russian adjective that means related to pits (yama), and these people used to bury their dead in tumuli (kurgans) containing simple pit chambers. ref, The people of the Yamnaya culture were likely the result of a genetic admixture between the descendants of Eastern European Hunter-Gatherers (EHG) and people related to hunter-gatherers from the Caucasus (CHG), an ancestral component which is often named Steppe ancestry, with an additional admixture of up to 18% from Early European Farmers. Its not exactly counterintuitive to guess that people from the steppe, whom we identify with the Yamnaya Culture, moved from one place to the other. This scenario is associated with a proposed primary split between, (53004000 years BP) in the upper reaches of the Yellow River on the northeast edge of the, proposes a split around 6000 years BP, with Chinese-speakers settling along the Yellow River and other groups migrating south down the, Recent research indicates a common origin of the, . There are 98 Transeurasian languages, including Korean, Japanese, and various Turkic languages in parts of Europe, Anatolia, Central Asia, and Siberia, various Mongolic languages, and various Tungusic languages in Manchuria and Siberia. Mikhaylovka I (3600-3400 BCE)had connections to the west,and is related to theKemi Oba culture(3700-2200 BCE) at the Bug-Dniepr area and the Crimea, and seems to have had connections to theMaykop culture(3700-3000 BCE). ref, Genetic structure of landraces in foxtail millet (Setaria italica(L.) P. The Chilling Mystery of the Octavius Ghost Ship, Film Footage Provides Intimate View of HMS Gloucester Shipwreck, Top 8 Legendary Parties - Iconic Celebrations in Ancient History, The Spanish Inquisition: The Truth Behind the Black Legend (Part II), The Spanish Inquisition: The Truth behind the Dark Legend (Part I), Bloodthirsty Buddhists: The Sohei Warrior Monks of Feudal Japan, Dizzying Inca Rope Bridges Were Grass-Made Marvels of Engineering, Two Centuries Of Naval Espionage In Europe, Egyptologists Reveal a Lost Chamber in the Great Pyramid With Cosmic Rays, Sacred Marvels: 17 Cathedrals That Will Take Your Breath Away, In Pictures, Medieval Sea Monster Was Likely a Whale, New Research Reveals, What is Shambhala? The Yamnaya culture wassemi-nomadic, with someagriculturepracticed near rivers, and a few fortified sites, the largest of which isMikhaylovka. The Bug-Dniester culture disappeared around 4900 BCE as villages with CucuteniTripolye culture appeared east of the Dnieper River. According to admixture analysis they had approximately 75%EEF, 10% bothWesternandEastern Hunter-Gatherer, and less than 5% traces of Yamnaya-related ancestry. The poetic and proposed Wisdom books dealing, in various forms, with questions of good and evil in the world. To me, thefemale goddessseems to have either emerged or become prominent around 11,000-10,000 years ago or so, losing the majority of its once prominence around 2,000 years ago due largely to the now favored monotheismmale godthat grow in prominence after 4,000 years ago or so. Ketmythologywith those of speakers ofUralic languages, assuming in the studies that they are modelingsemioticsystems in the compared mythologies. Neanderthals Primal Religion (Pre-Animism/Animism? Later developments of this theme show that in fact the sun is being represented. 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