My last name being Garvin, I'd be called Danny Gay-vin. There were gay bars in Midtown, there were gay bars uptown, there were certain kinds of gay bars on the Upper East Side, you know really, really, really buttoned-up straight gay bars. Jerry Hoose:The bar itself was a toilet. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:They started busting cans of tear gas. Danny Garvin:We were talking about the revolution happening and we were walking up 7th Avenue and I was thinking it was either Black Panthers or the Young Lords were going to start it and we turned the corner from 7th Avenue onto Christopher Street and we saw the paddy wagon pull up there. Chris Mara The Stonewall riots, as they came to be known, marked a major turning point in the modern gay civil rights movement in the United States and around the world. Yvonne Ritter:"In drag," quote unquote, the downside was that you could get arrested, you could definitely get arrested if someone clocked you or someone spooked that you were not really what you appeared to be on the outside. You throw into that, that the Stonewall was raided the previous Tuesday night. I was a man. The New York State Liquor Authority refused to issue liquor licenses to many gay bars, and several popular establishments had licenses suspended or revoked for "indecent conduct.". Available via license: Content may be subject to . They didn't know what they were walking into. As you read, keep in mind that LGBTQ+ is a relatively new term and, while queer people have always existed, the terminology has changed frequently over the years. Fred Sargeant:The effect of the Stonewall riot was to change the direction of the gay movement. One never knows when the homosexual is about. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:The mob raised its hand and said "Oh, we'll volunteer," you know, "We'll set up some gay bars and serve over-priced, watered-down drinks to you guys." Martha Shelley:The riot could have been buried, it could have been a few days in the local newspaper and that was that. Because its all right in the Village, but the minute we cross 14th street, if there's only ten of us, God knows what's going to happen to us.". And there, we weren't allowed to be alone, the police would raid us still. Narrator (Archival):Note how Albert delicately pats his hair, and adjusts his collar. The film brings together voices from over 50 years of the LGBTQ rights movement to explore queer activism before, during and after the Stonewall Riots. Raymond Castro:If that light goes on, you know to stop whatever you're doing, and separate. Nobody. This was the first time I could actually sense, not only see them fearful, I could sense them fearful. What finally made sense to me was the first time I kissed a woman and I thought, "Oh, this is what it's about." Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:Well, we did use the small hoses on the fire extinguishers. Once it started, once that genie was out of the bottle, it was never going to go back in. At least if you had press, maybe your head wouldn't get busted. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:They were sexual deviates. Eric Marcus has spent years interviewing people who were there that night, as well as those who were pushing for gay rights before Stonewall. Also, through this fight, the "LGBT" was born. Jimmy knew he shouldn't be interested but, well, he was curious. Fred Sargeant:In the '60s, I met Craig Rodwell who was running the Oscar Wilde Bookshop. It was as bad as any situation that I had met in during the army, had just as much to worry about. And the people coming out weren't going along with it so easily. And Vito and I walked the rest of the whole thing with tears running down our face. Getty Images You know, it's just, everybody was there. Before Stonewall, the activists wanted to fit into society and not rock the boat. In the trucks or around the trucks. We were winning. But I was just curious, I didn't want to participate because number one it was so packed. And we were singing: "We are the Village girls, we wear our hair in curls, we wear our dungarees, above our nellie knees." Dick Leitsch:And that's when you started seeing like, bodies laying on the sidewalk, people bleeding from the head. Naturally, you get careless, you fall for it, and the next thing you know, you have silver bracelets on both arms. ITN Source [7] In 1987, the film won Emmy Awards for Best Historical/Cultural Program and Best Research. Virginia Apuzzo:It was free but not quite free enough for us. She was awarded the first ever Emmy Award for Research for her groundbreaking work on Before Stonewall. Hunted, hunted, sometimes we were hunted. Narrator (Archival):This involves showing the gay man pictures of nude males and shocking him with a strong electric current. All rights reserved. And it was those loudest people, the most vulnerable, the most likely to be arrested, were the ones that were doing the real fighting. That summer, New York City police raided the Stonewall Inn, a popular gay bar in Greenwich Village. We were scared. The Mafia owned the jukeboxes, they owned the cigarette machines and most of the liquor was off a truck hijacking. And then as you turned into the other room with the jukebox, those were the drag queens around the jukebox. Meanwhile, there was crowds forming outside the Stonewall, wanting to know what was going on. I mean does anyone know what that is? It was nonsense, it was nonsense, it was all the people there, that were reacting and opposing what was occurring. Danny Garvin:Something snapped. But as visibility increased, the reactions of people increased. And in a sense the Stonewall riots said, "Get off our backs, deliver on the promise." To celebrate the 30th anniversary of the Teddy Awards, the film was shown at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival in February 2016. I just thought you had to get through this, and I thought I could get through it, but you really had to be smart about it. Dick Leitsch:And I remember it being a clear evening with a big black sky and the biggest white moon I ever saw. Slate:Perversion for Profit(1965), Citizens for Decency Through Law. Raymond Castro:There were mesh garbage cans being lit up on fire and being thrown at the police. Audience Member (Archival):I was wondering if you think that there are any quote "happy homosexuals" for whom homosexuality would be, in a way, their best adjustment in life? Well, little did he know that what was gonna to happen later on was to make history. 'Cause I really realized that I was being trained as a straight person, so I could really fool these people. Joe DeCola The events of that night have been described as the birth of the gay-rights movement. Diana Davies Photographs, Manuscripts and Archives Division, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations There are a lot of kids here. View in iTunes. I was never seduced by an older person or anything like that. I was in the Navy when I was 17 and it was there that I discovered that I was gay. TV Host (Archival):And Sonia is that your own hair? Not even us. I guess they're deviates. It was narrated by author Rita Mae Brown, directed by Greta Schiller, co-directed by Robert Rosenberg, and co-produced by John Scagliotti and Rosenberg, and Schiller. Martin Boyce:We were like a Hydra. Chris Mara, Production Assistants In 1969 it was common for police officers to rough up a gay bar and ask for payoffs. And I knew that I was lesbian. All I knew about was that I heard that there were people down in Times Square who were gay and that's where I went to. The shop had been threatened, we would get hang-up calls, calls where people would curse at us on the phone, we'd had vandalism, windows broken, streams of profanity. Because to be gay represented to me either very, super effeminate men or older men who hung out in the upper movie theatres on 42nd Street or in the subway T-rooms, who'd be masturbating. I first engaged in such acts when I was 14 years old. First Run Features John DiGiacomo Gay people were never supposed to be threats to police officers. John O'Brien:I knew that the words that were being said to put down people, was about me. It was tremendous freedom. Amber Hall It's not my cup of tea. Participants of the 1969 Greenwich Village uprising describe the effect that Stonewall had on their lives. But we couldn't hold out very long. It's like, this is not right. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:The police would zero in on us because sometimes they would be in plain clothes, and sometimes they would even entrap. There was the Hippie movement, there was the Summer of Love, Martin Luther King, and all of these affected me terribly. Fred Sargeant:Three articles of clothing had to be of your gender or you would be in violation of that law. And I found them in the movie theatres, sitting there, next to them. "You could have got us in a lot of trouble, you could have got us closed up." Heather Gude, Archival Research William Eskridge, Professor of Law:Gay people who were sentenced to medical institutions because they were found to be sexual psychopaths, were subjected sometimes to sterilization, occasionally to castration, sometimes to medical procedures, such as lobotomies, which were felt by some doctors to cure homosexuality and other sexual diseases. Jerry Hoose:Who was gonna complain about a crackdown against gay people? Before Stonewall (1984) - full transcript New York City's Stonewall Inn is regarded by many as the site of gay and lesbian liberation since it was at this bar that drag queens fought back against police June 27-28, 1969. For the first time the next person stood up. I didn't think I could have been any prettier than that night. National History Archive, LGBT Community Center They are taught that no man is born homosexual and many psychiatrists now believe that homosexuality begins to form in the first three years of life. Martin Boyce:Oh, Miss New Orleans, she wouldn't be stopped. And I hadn't had enough sleep, so I was in a somewhat feverish state, and I thought, "We have to do something, we have to do something," and I thought, "We have to have a protest march of our own." Alexis Charizopolis Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:There were gay bars all over town, not just in Greenwich Village. Doric Wilson:Somebody that I knew that was older than me, his family had him sent off where they go up and damage the frontal part of the brain. Alfredo del Rio, Archival Still and Motion Images Courtesy of William Eskridge, Professor of Law:Ed Koch who was a democratic party leader in the Greenwich Village area, was a specific leader of the local forces seeking to clean up the streets. Yvonne Ritter:I did try to get out of the bar and I thought that there might be a way out through one of the bathrooms. With this outpouring of courage and unity the gay liberation movement had begun. David Carter, Author ofStonewall:Most raids by the New York City Police, because they were paid off by the mob, took place on a weeknight, they took place early in the evening, the place would not be crowded. His movements are not characteristic of a real boy. Beginning of our night out started early. Tweet at us @throughlineNPR, send us an email, or leave us a voicemail at (872) 588-8805. That this was normal stuff. Martin Boyce:The day after the first riot, when it was all over, and I remember sitting, sun was soon to come, and I was sitting on the stoop, and I was exhausted and I looked at that street, it was dark enough to allow the street lamps to pick up the glitter of all the broken glass, and all the debris, and all the different colored cloth, that was in different places. It was the only time I was in a gladiatorial sport that I stood up in. It's a history that people feel a huge sense of ownership over. There was at least one gay bar that was run just as a hustler bar for straight gay married men. Remember everything. Doric Wilson:And we were about 100, 120 people and there were people lining the sidewalks ahead of us to watch us go by, gay people, mainly. And they were lucky that door was closed, they were very lucky. Greg Shea, Legal Narrated by Rita Mae Brownan acclaimed writer whose 1973 novel Rubyfruit Jungle is a seminal lesbian text, but who is possessed of a painfully grating voiceBefore Stonewall includes vintage news footage that makes it clear that gay men and women lived full, if often difficult, lives long before their personal ambitions (however modest) And, it was, I knew I would go through hell, I would go through fire for that experience. Never, never, never. Director . Because if you don't have extremes, you don't get any moderation. It was a down at a heels kind of place, it was a lot of street kids and things like that. Janice Flood [00:00:55] Oh, my God. And there was tear gas on Saturday night, right in front of the Stonewall. Mafia house beer? Atascadero was known in gay circles as the Dachau for queers, and appropriately so. In addition to interviews with activists and scholars, the film includes the reflections of renowned writer Allen Ginsberg. Sophie Cabott Black It premiered at the 1984 Toronto International Film Festival and was released in the United States on June 27, 1985. Frank Kameny If there had been a riot of that proportion in Harlem, my God, you know, there'd have been cameras everywhere. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:And by the time the police would come back towards Stonewall, that crowd had gone all the around Washington Place come all the way back around and were back pushing in on them from the other direction and the police would wonder, "These are the same people or different people?". Activists had been working for change long before Stonewall. It was not a place that, in my life, me and my friends paid much attention to. And they were having a meeting at town hall and there were 400 guys who showed up, and I think a couple of women, talking about these riots, 'cause everybody was really energized and upset and angry about it. It was a 100% profit, I mean they were stealing the liquor, then watering it down, and they charging twice as much as they charged one door away at the 55. The ones that came close you could see their faces in rage. You needed a license even to be a beautician and that could be either denied or taken away from you. Maureen Jordan Few photographs of the raid and the riots that followed exist. This documentary uses extensive archival film, movie clips and personal recollections to construct an audiovisual history of the gay community before the Stonewall riots. Now, 50 years later, the film is back. [1] To commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall riots in 2019, the film was restored and re-released by First Run Features in June 2019. Stacker put together a timeline of LGBTQ+ history leading up to Stonewall, beginning with prehistoric events and ending in the late 1960s. I entered the convent at 26, to pursue that question and I was convinced that I would either stay until I got an answer, or if I didn't get an answer just stay. And there was like this tension in the air and it just like built and built. We were going to propose something that all groups could participate in and what we ended up producing was what's now known as the gay pride march. Martin Boyce:And I remember moving into the open space and grabbing onto two of my friends and we started singing and doing a kick line. Eric Marcus, Recreation Still Photography Narrator (Archival):We arrested homosexuals who committed their lewd acts in public places. You see these cops, like six or eight cops in drag. They'd think I'm a cop even though I had a big Jew-fro haircut and a big handlebar mustache at the time. TV Host (Archival):That's a very lovely dress too that you're wearing Simone. They frequent their own clubs, and bars and coffee houses, where they can escape the disapproving eye of the society that they call straight. Urban Stages Danny Garvin:There was more anger and more fight the second night. Martha Shelley:When I was growing up in the '50s, I was supposed to get married to some guy, produce, you know, the usual 2.3 children, and I could look at a guy and say, "Well, objectively he's good looking," but I didn't feel anything, just didn't make any sense to me. Bettye Lane All the rules were off in the '60s. J. Michael Grey It won the Best Film Award at the Houston International Film Festival, Best Documentary Feature at Filmex, First Place at the National Educational Film Festival, and Honorable Mention at the Global Village Documentary Festival. Stonewall Uprising Program Transcript Slate: In 1969, homosexual acts were illegal in every state except Illinois. And, you know,The Village Voiceat that point started using the word "gay.". Fred Sargeant:Someone at this point had apparently gone down to the cigar stand on the corner and got lighter fluid. hide caption. Some of the pre-Stonewall uprisings included: Black Cat Raid, Los Angeles, California, 1967 Black Night Brawl, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, August 5, 1961. Fred Sargeant Scott McPartland/Getty Images So I got into the subway, and on the car was somebody I recognized and he said, "I've never been so scared in my life," and I said, "Well, please let there be more than ten of us, just please let there be more than ten of us. All kinds of designers, boxers, big museum people. Doric Wilson:That's what happened Stonewall night to a lot of people. The Laramie Project Cast at The Calhoun School And we had no right to such. When we got dressed for that night, we had cocktails and we put the makeup on. Milestones in the American Gay Rights Movement. Dick Leitsch:There were Black Panthers and there were anti-war people. We ought to know, we've arrested all of them. If there's one place in the world where you can dance and feel yourself fully as a person and that's threatened with being taken away, those words are fighting words. Patricia Yusah, Marketing and Communications Before Stonewall 1984 Unrated 1 h 27 m IMDb RATING 7.5 /10 1.1K YOUR RATING Rate Play trailer 2:21 1 Video 7 Photos Documentary History The history of the Gay and Lesbian community before the Stonewall riots began the major gay rights movement. The documentary "Before Stonewall" was very educational and interesting because it shows a retail group that fought for the right to integrate into the society and was where the homosexual revolution occurred. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:So at that point the police are extremely nervous. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:A rather tough lesbian was busted in the bar and when she came out of the bar she was fighting the cops and trying to get away. When police raided the Stonewall Inn, a popular gay bar in the Greenwich Village section of New York City on June 28, 1969, the street erupted into violent protests that lasted for the next six days. And that's what it was, it was a war. Martha Shelley:If you were in a small town somewhere, everybody knew you and everybody knew what you did and you couldn't have a relationship with a member of your own sex, period.

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